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Cattle manure biochar and earthworm interactively affected CO and NO emissions in agricultural and forest

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1473-8

摘要：

• Earthworms increase CO2 and N2O emissions in agricultural and forest soil.

关键词： Carbon sequestration     Forest soil     Cattle manure biochar     Greenhouse gas emissions     Soil fauna    

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The speciation, leachability and bioaccessibility of Cu and Zn in animal manure-derived biochar: effect

Qi Lin, Xin Xu, Lihua, Wang, Qian Chen, Jing Fang, Xiaodong Shen, Liping Lou, Guangming Tian

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0924-8

摘要： Biochars derived from animal manures may accumulate potentially toxic metals and cause a potential risk to ecosystem. The synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy, sequential fractionation schemes, bioaccessibility extraction and leaching procedure were performed on poultry and swine manure-derived biochars (denoted PB and SB, respectively) to evaluate the variance of speciation and activity of Cu and Zn as affected by the feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. The results showed that Cu speciation was dependent on the feedstock with Cu-citrate-like in swine manure and species resembling Cu-glutathione and CuO in poultry manure. Pyrolyzed products, however, had similar Cu speciation mainly with species resembling Cu-citrate, CuO and CuS/Cu S. Organic bound Zn and Zn (PO ) -like species were dominant in both feedstock and biochars. Both Cu and Zn leaching with synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) decreased greatly with the rise of pyrolysis temperature, which were consistent with the sequential extraction results that pyrolysis converted Cu and Zn into less labile phases such as organic/sulfide and residual fractions. The potential bioaccessibility of Zn decreased for both the PB and SB, closely depending on the content of non-residual Zn. The bioaccessibility of Cu, however, increased for the SB prepared at 300°C–700°C, probably due to the increased proportion of CuO. Concerning the results of sequential fractionation schemes, bioaccessibility extraction and leaching procedure, pyrolysis at 500°C was suggested as means of reducing Cu/Zn lability and poultry manure was more suitable for pyrolysis treatment.

关键词： Animal manure     Biochar     Metals     Molecular species     Pyrolysis    

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Greenhouse gas emissions during co-composting of cattle feedlot manure with construction and demolition

Xiying Hao, Francis J. Larney

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0955-1

摘要： Manure management strategies should reflect current animal feeding practices and encourage recycling of organic waste to help protect our environment. This research investigated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during cattle manure stockpiling or composting with and without construction and demolition (C&D) waste. Manure was collected from cattle fed a typical finishing diet (CK manure) and from cattle on diets which included 30% dried distillers grains with solubles (DG manure). The CK and DG manures were co-composted with (4:1) C&D waste (treatments: CK_CD DG_CD), composted alone (treatments: CK and DG) in 13 m bins or stockpiled without C&D waste (treatments: CK_ST and DG_ST) for 99 days. Manure type (CK vs. DG manure) had no effect on GHG emissions over the 99 day manure composting or stockpiling. Composting with C&D waste produced similar CO emissions, about double that from manure stockpiling (7.0 kgC·m ). In contrast, CH emissions were reduced by the inclusion of C&D waste (64 gC·m with C&D vs. 244 gC·m without C&D) while the manure stockpile emitted the greatest amount of CH (464 gC·m ). Additionally, only 0.48% of C was emitted in CH form with C&D waste, compared to 1.68% when composting without C&D waste and 7.00% when cattle manure was stockpiled. The N O emissions (12.4 to 18.0 gN·m ) were similar across all treatments. The lower CH emissions with C&D waste are beneficial in reducing overall GHG emissions from manure composting, while reducing the amount of material entering landfills.

关键词： Livestock manure     greenhouse gas flux     straw bale compost bin     N2O     CH4     CO2    

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Effect of biochar amendment on soil’s retention capacity for estrogenic hormones from poultry manure

Sukhjot MANN, Zhiming QI, Shiv O. PRASHER, Lanhai LI, Dongwei GUI, Qianjing JIANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 208-219 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017138

摘要： Most animals, including humans, produce natural sex hormones such as estrogens: 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1). These compounds are able to disrupt the reproductive systems of living organisms at trace concentrations (ng·L ). This experiment tests the hypothesis that 1% slow pyrolysis biochar-amended sandy soil could retain significant amount of estrogens (E1, E2) from poultry manure in its second year of application. The experiment was conducted over 46 days and consisted of a series of lysimeters containing sandy soil with biochar-amended topsoil. The application rate of poultry manure was kept at 2.47 kg·m . The biochar held a significant concentration of hormone during the first year of its application. However, in the following year (current study), there was no significant retention of hormones in the biochar-amended soil. During the first year after application, the biochar was fresh, so its pores were available for hydrophobic interactions and held significant concentration of hormones. As time passed there were several biotic and abiotic changes on the surface of the biochar so that after some physical fragmentation, pores on the surface were no longer available for hydrophobic interactions. The biochar started releasing dissolved organic carbon, which facilitated greater mobility of hormones from poultry manure down the soil profile.

关键词： adsorption     degradation     dissolved organic carbon     17β-estradiol (E2)     estrone (E1)    

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Developments in genetic modification of cattle and implications for regulation, safety and traceability

Jan Pieter VAN DER BERG, Gijs A. KLETER, Evy BATTAGLIA, Martien A. M. GROENEN, Esther J. KOK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第2期   页码 136-147 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019306

摘要：

Genetic modification techniques, in particular novel gene editing technologies, hold the yet unfulfilled promise of altering genetic traits in farm animals more efficiently than by crossbreeding, allowing for a more rapid development of new cattle breeds with distinct traits. Gene editing technologies allow for the directed alteration of specific traits and thereby have the potential to enhance, for instance, disease resilience, production yield and the production of desired substances in milk. The potential implications of these technological advancements, which are often combined with animal cloning methods, are discussed both for animal health and for consumer safety, also with consideration of available methods for the detection and identification of the related products in the food supply chain. Finally, an overview is provided of current regulatory approaches in the European Union (EU) and major countries exporting beef to the EU, for products from animals bred through established practices as well as modern biotechnologies.

关键词： cattle     food safety     gene editing     genetic modification     GMO detection     regulation    

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Enhancing the adsorption function of biochar by mechanochemical graphitization for organic pollutant

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1418-2

摘要：

• Mechanochemical treatment reduced the calcination temperature for biochar synthesis.

关键词： Biochar     Mechanochemical treatment     Graphitization     Calcination temperature     Organic pollutant    

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EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS ADDITIVES ON HEAVY METAL PASSIVATION AND NITROGEN RETENTION IN PIG MANURE COMPOSTING

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023487

摘要：

● Research on heavy metal passivation and nitrogen emissions is necessary for the pig industry.

关键词： additives     composting     heavy metals passivation     nitrogen retention     pig manure    

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ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN HYDROCHAR PRODUCED BY HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION OF DAIRY MANURE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第3期   页码 437-447 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023507

摘要：

● Content of heavy metals in hydrochar varies considerably, from 50% to 100%.

关键词： heavy metals     dairy manure     hydrochar     hydrothermal carbonization     waste management    

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Factors affecting early embryonic development in cattle: relevance for bovine cloning

Yanna DANG, Kun ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第1期   页码 33-41 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018228

摘要：

Female infertility represents a major challenge for improving the production efficiency in the dairy industry. Historically, fertility has declined whereas milk yield has increased tremendously due to intensive genetic selection. evidence reveals about 60% pregnancy loss takes place during the first month following fertilization. Meanwhile, early embryo development is significant for somatic cell nuclear transfer in cattle as a large proportion of cloned embryos fail to develop beyond peri-implantation stage. Oocyte quality is of utmost importance for the early embryo to develop to term for both fertilized and cloned embryos. Epigenetic reprogramming is a key process occurring after fertilization and critical roles of epigenetic modifiers during preimplantation development are now clear. Incomplete epigenetic reprogramming is believed to be a major limitation to cloning efficiency. Treatment of cloned embryos with epigenetic modifying drugs (e.g., Trichostatin A) could greatly improve cloning efficiency in both mice and cattle. Recently, the rapid progress in high-throughput sequencing technologies has enabled detailed deciphering of the molecular mechanisms underlying these events. The robust efficiency of genomic editing tools also presents an alternative approach to the functional annotation of genes critical to early development.

关键词： bovine cloning     embryo development     somatic cell nuclear transfer     X-inactive specific transcript    

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Sorption of phenanthrene to biochar modified by base

Zhengjun Feng, Lizhong Zhu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0978-7

摘要： Biochar (BC) is a potential material for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil and water, and base modification is a promising method for improving its sorption ability. In this study, we synthesized a series of base-modified biochars, and evaluated their sorption of phenanthrene. Original biochars were produced by pyrolysis of three feedstocks (rice straw, wood and bamboo) at five temperatures (300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 500°C and 700°C). Base-modified biochars were further obtained by washing of biochars with base solution. The base soluble carbon (SC) was extracted from the supernatant, which were only obtained from biochars pyrolyzed at low temperatures (<500°C) and the content was decreased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. The SC content between different feedstocks followed the trend of rice straw>wood>bamboo when same pyrolysis conditions were applied. It was found that base modification improved the sorption of phenanthrene on biochars that SC could be extracted from (extractable-BCs). However, base treatment but had limited effects for biochars that no SC could be extracted from. It suggested that base modification improved the sorption of phenanthrene to extractable-BCs by removing the SC and thus increasing the surface area and hydrophobicity. Therefore, base modification was suggested to be used in modifying extractable-BCs.

关键词： Biochar     Base modification     Phenanthrene    

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Effects of different types of biochar on the properties and reactivity of nano zero-valent iron in soil

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1388-4

摘要：

• Biochar enhanced the mobility and stability of zero-valent iron nanoparticles.

关键词： Nano zero-valent iron     Biochar     BDE209     Transport     Soil    

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Non-thermal plasma enhances performances of biochar in wastewater treatment and energy storage applications

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 475-483 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2070-x

摘要： Surface functionalization or modification to introduce more oxygen-containing functional groups to biochar is an effective strategy for tuning the physicochemical properties and promoting follow-up applications. In this study, non-thermal plasma was applied for biochar surface carving before being used in contaminant removal and energy storage applications. The results showed that even a low dose of plasma exposure could introduce a high number density of oxygen-functional groups and enhance the hydrophilicity and metal affinity of the pristine biochar. The plasma-treated biochar enabled a faster metal-adsorption rate and a 40% higher maximum adsorption capacity of heavy metal ion Pb2+. Moreover, to add more functionality to biochar surface, biochar with and without plasma pre-treatment was activated by KOH at a temperature of 800 °C. Using the same amount of KOH, the plasma treatment resulted in an activated carbon product with the larger BET surface area and pore volume. The performance of the treated activated carbon as a supercapacitor electrode was also substantially improved by>30%. This study may provide guidelines for enhancing the surface functionality and application performances of biochar using non-thermal-based techniques.

关键词： non-thermal plasma     surface functionalization     biochar modification     wastewater treatment     supercapacitor    

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Selective preparation for biofuels and high value chemicals based on biochar catalysts

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 635-653 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0878-4

摘要： The reuse of biomass wastes is crucial toward today’s energy and environmental crisis, among which, biomass-based biochar as catalysts for biofuel and high value chemical production is one of the most clean and economical solutions. In this paper, the recent advances in biofuels and high chemicals for selective production based on biochar catalysts from different biomass wastes are critically summarized. The topics mainly include the modification of biochar catalysts, the preparation of energy products, and the mechanisms of other high-value products. Suitable biochar catalysts can enhance the yield of biofuels and higher-value chemicals. Especially, the feedstock and reaction conditions of biochar catalyst, which affect the efficiency of energy products, have been the focus of recent attentions. Mechanism studies based on biochar catalysts will be helpful to the controlled products. Therefore, the design and advancement of the biochar catalyst based on mechanism research will be beneficial to increase biofuels and the conversion efficiency of chemicals into biomass. The advanced design of biochar catalysts and optimization of operational conditions based on the biomass properties are vital for the selective production of high-value chemicals and biofuels. This paper identifies the latest preparation for energy products and other high-value chemicals based on biochar catalysts progresses and offers insights into improving the yield of high selectivity for products as well as the high recyclability and low toxicity to the environment in future applications.

关键词： biomass     biochar catalysts     biofuels     high chemicals    

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加速胚胎移植技术产业化促进我国养牛业发展

郭志勤

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第3期   页码 12-17

摘要：

从我国养牛业的现状和存在的主要问题，指出养牛业需要大力发展，当前必须大量引种和繁殖种牛。 而胚胎移植是引种的一种最好手段，具有方法简便、成本低、缩短改良时间、减少疾病传播等优点。同时，进 一步分析了我国胚胎移植技术的研究概况，阐明了胚胎移植的主要技术关键及产业化的必要性和可能性。并根 据我国养牛业的现状，提出奶牛、肉牛业应用胚胎移植技术的措施与办法。

关键词： 胚胎移植     产业化     养牛业    

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Antibiotic resistance genes in manure-amended paddy soils across eastern China: Occurrence and influencing

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1499-y

摘要：

• Manure fertilization resulted in antibiotic residues and increased metal contents.

关键词： Pig manure     Antibiotics     Metals     Antibiotic resistance genes     Paddy fields    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Cattle manure biochar and earthworm interactively affected CO and NO emissions in agricultural and forest

期刊论文

The speciation, leachability and bioaccessibility of Cu and Zn in animal manure-derived biochar: effect

Qi Lin, Xin Xu, Lihua, Wang, Qian Chen, Jing Fang, Xiaodong Shen, Liping Lou, Guangming Tian

期刊论文

Greenhouse gas emissions during co-composting of cattle feedlot manure with construction and demolition

Xiying Hao, Francis J. Larney

期刊论文

Effect of biochar amendment on soil’s retention capacity for estrogenic hormones from poultry manure

Sukhjot MANN, Zhiming QI, Shiv O. PRASHER, Lanhai LI, Dongwei GUI, Qianjing JIANG

期刊论文

Developments in genetic modification of cattle and implications for regulation, safety and traceability

Jan Pieter VAN DER BERG, Gijs A. KLETER, Evy BATTAGLIA, Martien A. M. GROENEN, Esther J. KOK

期刊论文

Enhancing the adsorption function of biochar by mechanochemical graphitization for organic pollutant

期刊论文

EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS ADDITIVES ON HEAVY METAL PASSIVATION AND NITROGEN RETENTION IN PIG MANURE COMPOSTING

期刊论文

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN HYDROCHAR PRODUCED BY HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION OF DAIRY MANURE

期刊论文

Factors affecting early embryonic development in cattle: relevance for bovine cloning

Yanna DANG, Kun ZHANG

期刊论文

Sorption of phenanthrene to biochar modified by base

Zhengjun Feng, Lizhong Zhu

期刊论文

Effects of different types of biochar on the properties and reactivity of nano zero-valent iron in soil

期刊论文

Non-thermal plasma enhances performances of biochar in wastewater treatment and energy storage applications

期刊论文

Selective preparation for biofuels and high value chemicals based on biochar catalysts

期刊论文

加速胚胎移植技术产业化促进我国养牛业发展

郭志勤

期刊论文

Antibiotic resistance genes in manure-amended paddy soils across eastern China: Occurrence and influencing

期刊论文